Driveways are the focal point of your home. Not only are they a functional area where you often start and end your day, but they can also increase your property’s value and kerb appeal.
There are many ways to improve your driveway and increase its aesthetic; from installing a driveway gate, to landscaping and gardening to simply just keeping your driveway clean and tidy. However, this guide discusses another way to improve your driveway – by resurfacing it.
Whether you’re looking for something natural and rustic, or a hard-bearing and resistant surface, keep reading as we explore the things to consider when choosing a driveway material and the 10 types of driveways you can choose from.
5 factors to consider when choosing a driveway
When choosing your driveway material, there are different factors to consider which will ultimately help determine the right one for your home. These factors include:
1. Climate
What is the climate like in your area? Some driveway materials hold up better than others in certain weather conditions.
2. Budget
How much is your budget for redesigning your driveway? There are many different things that can impact the cost of your driveway, including the length of your driveway, the material you choose to use, and the costs of digging and installing the driveway, and the maintenance needed to keep it looking its best.
3. Aesthetics
How do you want your driveway to look? Driveways can increase a property’s kerb appeal and value, so does your chosen material align with those goals? With a wide variety of materials, colours, patterns and finishes, the aesthetic result of your driveway has many options.
4. Durability
How durable do you need your driveway to be? You always want to aim for a driveway material that will last – even just as long as you plan to stay on the property. For homes with high vehicle traffic, you may also need a hardier material to keep up.
5. Maintenance
How much maintenance can you commit to? Some driveway materials may require regular, and potentially costly, maintenance, whereas others are relatively maintenance-free. Can you commit both your time and money to keeping up with maintenance needs?
10 types of driveways
1. Concrete driveways
Now that you’re aware of the factors you need to consider when choosing a driveway material, which one will you pick? Find out what each driveway is, along with their pros and cons, below:
A concrete driveway is made from a mixture of cement, water, sand, and gravel. It is poured and shaped on-site before it cures to create a hard, durable surface. Concrete driveways can be customised with various finishes, colours, and patterns to enhance their aesthetic appeal.
Advantages of concrete driveways
- Durability: Concrete driveways are known for their long lifespan, often lasting 30 years or more with proper maintenance.
- Low maintenance: They require minimal maintenance compared to other driveway materials. Regular cleaning and sealing can keep them in good condition.
- Versatility: Concrete can be customised with different textures, colours, and patterns, to match various architectural styles and aesthetics.
- Strength: Concrete can handle heavy loads without significant damage, making it suitable for driveways that need to support multiple vehicles or high traffic.
- Weather resistance: Concrete performs well in a range of climates and can withstand temperature fluctuations, though it may require special consideration in extremely cold climates to prevent cracking.
- Cost-effective: Over its lifespan, concrete is cost-effective due to its durability and low maintenance needs.
Disadvantages of concrete driveways
- Initial cost: The upfront cost of installing a concrete driveway can be higher than other materials like tarmac or gravel.
- Cracking: Concrete is prone to cracking due to shrinkage, ground movement, or heavy loads. Proper installation and control joints can mitigate this, but cracks are still possible over time.
- Stains: Concrete driveways can stain easily from oil, grease, and other substances. Sealing can help prevent this, but stains can still be challenging to remove. Find advice here, on how to clean oil from your driveway.
- Installation time: The installation process is more time-consuming compared to some other materials. Concrete needs time to cure properly before it can be used.
- Surface smoothness: While smooth concrete is aesthetically pleasing, it can become slippery when wet, posing a hazard. Textured finishes can help improve traction.
2. Tarmac driveways
Tarmac is a type of driveway surface made from crushed stone or aggregate mixed with tar, before being laid and compacted to create a smooth, durable surface. It is commonly used for driveways due to its resilience and ease of installation.
Advantages of tarmac driveways
- Cost-effective: Tarmac driveways generally have a lower initial cost compared to concrete driveways, making them a budget-friendly option.
- Quick installation: Tarmac can be laid and used quickly, often within a day, which minimises disruption and allows for immediate use.
- Durability: Tarmac is resilient and can withstand heavy loads, making it suitable for driveways that see high traffic or need to support multiple vehicles.
- Weather resistance: Tarmac performs well in a variety of weather conditions, including rain and snow, as it is less prone to cracking compared to concrete.
- Low maintenance: Tarmac requires minimal maintenance. Occasional resealing and minor repairs can keep it in good condition for many years.
- Flexibility: The flexible nature of tarmac allows it to adapt to minor ground movements and temperature fluctuations, without significant damage.
Disadvantages of tarmac driveways
- Appearance: Tarmac driveways have a less refined appearance, compared to concrete, and may not offer as many customisation options for colour and texture.
- Heat sensitivity: Tarmac can soften and become tacky in extremely hot weather, potentially leading to ruts or impressions from heavy vehicles.
- Oil and chemical stains: Tarmac is prone to staining from oil, gasoline, and other chemicals, which can be difficult to remove.
- Resealing requirement: To maintain its appearance and durability, tarmac driveways need to be resealed every few years, adding to the long-term maintenance cost.
- Limited longevity: While durable, tarmac does not last as long as concrete. It typically has a lifespan of 15-20 years before needing significant repairs or replacement.
- Environmental concerns: The production and application of tarmac involve the use of fossil fuels and release of pollutants, making it less environmentally friendly compared to some other materials.
3. Gravel driveways
Gravel driveways are constructed using loose, small stones or pebbles that are spread over a prepared surface. These stones can come in various sizes and colours, providing a range of aesthetic options. Gravel driveways are popular due to their rustic appearance and cost-effectiveness.
Advantages of gravel driveways
- Cost-effective: Gravel driveways are one of the most affordable options, with low initial installation costs compared to concrete or tarmac.
- Easy installation: The installation process is straightforward and quick, often requiring minimal preparation and labour.
- Good drainage: Gravel driveways provide excellent drainage, preventing water accumulation and reducing the risk of flooding or erosion.
- Versatility: Gravel is available in a variety of colours and sizes, allowing for customisation to match the aesthetic of the property.
- Eco-friendly: Gravel is a natural material that does not involve significant processing – making it an environmentally friendly option.
- Repairable: Potholes and depressions can be easily filled in with additional gravel, making repairs simple and inexpensive.
Disadvantages of gravel driveways
- Maintenance: Gravel driveways require regular maintenance to keep them in good condition. This includes replenishing gravel, raking to maintain an even surface, and controlling weeds.
- Movement of gravel: Over time, gravel can shift and spread beyond the driveway area, requiring periodic raking and containment.
- Dust and mud: In dry conditions, gravel driveways can become dusty. However, on the other hand, in wet conditions, they can become muddy, leading to dirt being tracked into the house or car.
- Uneven surface: Gravel driveways can develop ruts and potholes over time, especially in high-traffic areas, requiring frequent attention to maintain a smooth surface.
- Limited use: Gravel may not be suitable for all climates or applications, particularly in areas with heavy snowfall or where a more stable surface is required.
- Noise: Gravel driveways can be noisy, with the sound of vehicles driving over the loose stones being more pronounced than on solid surfaces.
4. Paver driveways
Paver driveways are constructed using individual paving stones made from materials such as concrete, brick, porcelain, or natural stone. These pavers are laid out in various patterns over a prepared base, and joined with sand or a similar material to create a stable and visually appealing surface. Paver driveways offer a high degree of customisation due to the variety of shapes, sizes, colours, and patterns available.
Advantages of paver driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Pavers come in a wide range of colours, shapes, and patterns, allowing for highly customisable and visually striking driveways.
- Durability: Paver driveways are extremely durable and can withstand heavy loads and harsh weather conditions, without significant damage.
- Flexibility: The individual pavers can move slightly with the ground, reducing the likelihood of cracks – compared to solid concrete surfaces.
- Repairability: If a paver is damaged, it can be easily replaced without disturbing the surrounding pavers, making repairs straightforward and cost-effective.
- Permeability: Some pavers are designed to be permeable, allowing water to pass through and reducing runoff, which is beneficial for drainage and the wider environment.
- Low maintenance: Paver driveways require relatively low maintenance. Regular sweeping and occasional pressure washing can keep them looking their best.
Disadvantages of paver driveways
- Initial cost: The upfront cost of installing a paver driveway can be higher than other options, due to the cost of materials and labour-intensive installation process.
- Installation time: Installing a paver driveway can take longer than other types, due to the need to carefully place each paver and ensure a level surface.
- Weed and moss growth: Over time, weeds and moss can grow between the pavers if they are not properly sealed or maintained. Find advice here on how to clean moss from your driveway.
- Shifting pavers: If the base is not properly prepared, pavers can shift or settle unevenly – leading to an uneven surface.
- Ongoing maintenance: While generally low maintenance, paver driveways may require periodic re-sanding of the joints to maintain stability and prevent weed growth.
- Labor-intensive repairs: While individual pavers can be replaced easily, larger issues with the base or widespread problems can require significant effort to address.
5. Brick driveways
Brick driveways are constructed using clay bricks laid over a prepared base, often in various patterns such as herringbone, basket weave, or running bond. These bricks are typically set in sand or mortar, and can be edged with other materials to enhance stability and aesthetics. Brick driveways are known for their classic and timeless appearance, adding a touch of elegance to properties.
Advantages of brick driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Brick driveways offer a traditional and attractive look that can enhance the kerb appeal of any property. The natural colours and patterns of bricks provide a warm and inviting appearance.
- Durability: Bricks are durable and can withstand significant weight and weather conditions, making them suitable for driveways.
- Environmental friendliness: Bricks are made from natural clay, making them an eco-friendly choice. They are also recyclable and reusable.
- Ease of repair: If a brick becomes damaged, it can be easily replaced without disturbing the surrounding bricks – making repairs straightforward and cost-effective.
- Slip-resistance: The textured surface of bricks provides good traction, reducing the risk of slipping, even when wet.
- Flexibility: Brick driveways can accommodate slight ground movements without cracking, thanks to the individual nature of the bricks.
Disadvantages of brick driveways
- Initial cost: The initial cost of installing a brick driveway can be high, due to the cost of materials and the labour-intensive installation process.
- Maintenance: Brick driveways require regular maintenance, including cleaning, weed control, and possibly re-sanding the joints to prevent weed growth and shifting.
- Colour fading: Over time, exposure to sunlight and weather can cause the colour of the bricks to fade, which may require periodic sealing to preserve their appearance.
- Uneven surface: If the base is not properly prepared or if there is significant ground movement, bricks can shift or settle unevenly – leading to an uneven surface.
- Limited load capacity: While durable, brick driveways may not support extremely heavy loads as well as some other materials – potentially leading to cracks or shifts.
- Labor-intensive installation: Installing a brick driveway is labour-intensive, requiring careful placement of each brick and attention to detail to ensure a level and stable surface.
6. Cobblestone driveways
Cobblestone driveways are constructed using natural stone pieces, typically granite, basalt, or other durable rocks, which are set into a prepared base. These stones are often irregular in shape and size, giving the driveway a distinctive, old-world charm. Cobblestones are laid out in various patterns, such as fan, circular, or linear, and can be set in sand or mortar to create a stable, durable surface.
Advantages of cobblestone driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Cobblestone driveways have a timeless and elegant look, adding significant character and kerb appeal to any property.
- Durability: Cobblestones are extremely durable and can last for centuries with proper maintenance. They can withstand heavy loads and harsh weather conditions without significant damage.
- Low maintenance: Cobblestone driveways require relatively low maintenance. Occasional cleaning and weed control are usually sufficient to keep them in good condition.
- Permeability: When set in sand, cobblestone driveways allow water to permeate through the joints, reducing runoff and promoting better drainage.
- Flexibility: The individual stones can move slightly with ground shifts, reducing the risk of cracking compared to solid surfaces, like concrete.
Disadvantages of cobblestone driveways
- High initial cost: The cost of materials and the labour-intensive installation process make cobblestone driveways one of the more expensive options.
- Installation time: The installation process for cobblestone driveways is time-consuming, as each stone must be carefully placed and levelled to create a stable and attractive surface.
- Surface irregularities: The natural variation in stone size and shape in cobblestone driveways can result in an uneven surface, which may be uncomfortable to walk or drive on, and could pose a tripping hazard.
- Weed growth: Weeds can grow between the stones if the driveway is not properly maintained. Regular weeding or the application of weed killers may be necessary.
- Noise: Driving over cobblestones can create more noise compared to smoother surfaces.
- Shifting stones: If not properly installed or if the base is not adequately prepared, cobblestones can shift over time – leading to uneven surfaces and the need for re-leveling.
7. Tar and chip driveways
A tar and chip driveway is one that combines hot liquid tar (like in tarmac) with a layer of crushed stone chips – hence the name ‘tar and chip’. The process involves spraying a hot layer of tar onto a prepared base, followed by spreading a layer of stone chips over whilst it is still hot and sticky. The surface is then rolled to embed the stones into the tar, creating a textured, durable driveway.
Advantages of tar and chip driveways
- Cost-effective: Tar and chip driveways are generally less expensive than tarmac or concrete driveways, offering a budget-friendly option for homeowners.
- Low maintenance: These driveways require minimal maintenance. Occasional reapplication of the tar and stone layers can extend the driveway’s lifespan.
- Good traction: The rough, textured surface of tar and chip driveways provides excellent traction – reducing the risk of slipping, especially in wet conditions.
- Natural appearance: Tar and chip driveways have a more rustic, natural look compared to smooth tarmac or concrete, which can enhance the aesthetic of rural or traditional homes.
- Quick installation: The installation process of tar and chip driveways is relatively quick, often completed in a day or two, which minimises disruption.
- Durability: When properly installed, tar and chip driveways are durable and can last many years, withstanding various weather conditions and regular use.
Disadvantages of tar and chip driveways
- Surface roughness: The textured surface, while providing good traction, can be rough on tires and uncomfortable for walking barefoot.
- Loose stones: Over time, some of the stone chips can become loose, which may require occasional sweeping or replenishment to maintain the surface.
- Limited lifespan: Although durable, tar and chip driveways typically have a shorter lifespan compared to tarmac or concrete, often requiring resurfacing every 7-10 years.
- Colour fading: The stones used in tar and chip driveways can fade over time, due to exposure to sunlight and weather – potentially altering the appearance.
- Potential for weeds: Without proper sealing and maintenance, weeds can grow between the stone chips, requiring periodic weed control.
- Messy installation: The installation process involves hot tar, which can be messy and produce a strong odour. Additionally, during extremely hot weather, the tar can become sticky.
8. Stamped concrete driveways
Stamped concrete driveways are created by pouring wet concrete into a prepared area and then imprinting it with patterns and textures – to mimic the appearance of materials such as stone, brick, slate, or tile. Colour can also be added to the concrete, either integrally or with surface applications, to enhance the realistic look of the stamped pattern. Once the stamping and colouring processes are complete, the concrete is then sealed to protect it and enhance its appearance.
Advantages of stamped concrete driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Stamped concrete offers a high-end, custom look with a wide variety of patterns and colours – achieving the appearance of more expensive materials at a lower cost.
- Durability: Concrete is a highly durable material that can withstand heavy loads and various weather conditions, making it suitable for driveways.
- Low maintenance: Once sealed, stamped concrete is relatively low maintenance. Regular cleaning and resealing every few years can keep it looking its best.
- Seamless surface: Unlike pavers or bricks, stamped concrete has no joints or gaps where weeds can grow – offering a smooth, continuous surface.
- Cost-effective: Compared to natural stone or brick, stamped concrete is more cost-effective, whilst providing a similar aesthetic but without the higher price tag.
- Versatility: The wide range of patterns and colours available with stamped concrete driveways allows for a high degree of customisation..
Disadvantages of stamped concrete driveways
- Initial cost: While cheaper than cobblestone, stamped concrete driveways are more expensive than plain concrete or tarmac, due to the additional labour and materials required for stamping and colouring.
- Cracking: Concrete is prone to cracking over time due to shrinkage, ground movement, or heavy loads. Although control joints can help manage cracking, it is still a common issue.
- Fading and staining: The colour of stamped concrete can fade over time, especially in areas with high UV exposure. It can also be susceptible to stains from oil, grease, and other substances.
- Slippery surface: Stamped concrete can be slippery when wet, especially if a glossy sealer is used. Anti-slip additives can be incorporated into the sealer to improve traction.
- Repair challenges: Repairs can be more challenging with stamped concrete driveways. Matching the colour and pattern of the original work can be difficult, and patches may be noticeable.
- Maintenance requirements: To maintain its appearance and protect the surface, stamped concrete needs to be resealed every few years. This can add to the long-term maintenance costs.
9. Turf driveways
Turf driveways, also known as green driveways, integrate living grass or artificial turf with a solid base structure – creating a functional and visually appealing surface. These driveways typically use a grid system made of plastic, concrete, or metal that supports the weight of vehicles, whilst allowing grass to grow through the openings. This design combines the aesthetic of a natural lawn with the utility of a driveway. You often find turf driveways on eco-homes, or those wanting to be more sustainable.
Advantages of turf driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Turf driveways offer a green, natural look that enhances the kerb appeal and landscape integration of a property.
- Environmental benefits: Turf driveways contribute to improving air quality and providing natural water filtration and groundwater recharge.
- Improved drainage: The permeable surface of turf driveways allows rainwater to soak into the ground – reducing runoff and preventing flooding or erosion.
- Temperature regulation: Natural turf driveways remain cooler than tarmac or concrete, which helps lower the overall temperature around the home.
- Eco-friendly: Turf driveways can use natural or recycled materials, and promote sustainability by reducing the use of impervious surfaces.
- Noise reduction: The grass and soil can absorb sound, making turf driveways quieter than traditional hard surfaces.
Disadvantages of turf driveways
- Maintenance: Natural turf driveways require regular lawn care, including mowing, watering, fertilising, and weed control. Artificial turf requires less maintenance but still needs occasional cleaning.
- Durability: Turf driveways may not be as durable as traditional driveways, especially in high-traffic areas or with multiple vehicles. The grass can wear down over time, creating bare patches.
- Initial cost: The installation of a turf driveway can be more expensive than traditional driveways, due to the cost of the grid system and preparation of the base.
- Load capacity: Turf driveways may not support extremely heavy loads as well as concrete or tarmac – potentially leading to ruts or damage.
- Weather sensitivity: Natural grass driveways can become muddy and difficult to use in heavy rain or snow. They may also be less practical in areas with extreme drought or poor growing conditions.
- Installation complexity: Proper installation of a turf driveway requires careful planning and preparation to ensure good drainage and stability – often needing professional expertise
10. Resin driveways
Resin driveways combine resin with aggregate (such as gravel, stone, or glass) to create a durable and attractive driveway surface. Resin driveways involve mixing resin with aggregate and then applying it to a prepared base – resulting in a smooth, permeable surface that is resistant to weeds and offers a decorative finish.
Advantages of resin driveways
- Aesthetic appeal: Resin driveways provide a decorative and customisable finish with a wide range of colours and aggregate choices.
- Permeability: Resin driveways are permeable; allowing water to drain through the surface and reduce runoff. This helps prevent flooding and erosion and can contribute to sustainable drainage solutions.
- Low maintenance: Resin driveways require minimal maintenance. Regular sweeping and occasional power washing are usually sufficient to keep them clean.
- Durability: Resin driveways are durable and resistant to cracking and oil or fuel spills – making them suitable for high-traffic use and varying weather conditions.
- Smooth surface: Unlike gravel driveways, resin surfaces provide a smooth finish that is comfortable to walk and drive on, with no loose stones.
- Quick installation: Resin driveways can be installed relatively quickly compared to some other materials – minimising disruption.
Disadvantages of resin driveways
- Initial cost: Resin driveways can have a higher initial cost compared to materials like gravel or plain concrete, due to the cost of materials and labour-intensive installation process.
- Slipperiness: Resin driveways can be slippery when wet – especially if a smooth finish is chosen. Adding anti-slip additives or opting for a textured surface can mitigate this.
- UV degradation: Over time, exposure to UV light can cause resin driveways to fade or discolour – requiring occasional resealing or top-coating to maintain the appearance.
- Installation complexity: Proper installation of resin driveways requires careful preparation of the base and precise mixing and application of the resin and aggregate, which may necessitate professional installation.
- Heat sensitivity: Resin driveways can soften in extreme heat – potentially leading to indentations from heavy objects or vehicles.
- Limited repair options: Whilst durable, repairs to resin driveways can be challenging and may require professional intervention to maintain a seamless finish.
Frequently asked questions about driveways
How long can I expect a new driveway to last?
Depending on which driveway material you choose to install and how well you maintain it, your new driveway could last you 30 years or more!
What is the best low-maintenance driveway?
Concrete is seen as one of the best low-maintenance materials for a driveway, however, there are many other low-maintenance options available. Read the pros and cons lists above, which explain the maintenance needed for each material.
How can I save money on a new driveway?
Most of the costs associated with new driveways is the labour and installation – as materials can be very cheap to come by (depending on which you choose). To cut costs, why not try to install your driveway by yourself?
What’s the best type of driveway for the snow?
Tarmac driveways are affordable and able to withstand sub-zero temperatures. The tarmac surface makes it easy to plough snow, and it has excellent traction for slippery winter days. It also absorbs heat from the sun, which can help to melt snow and ice more quickly than other surfaces.
What’s the best material for sloping driveways?
Paver, brick, tar and chip, or cobblestone are the best materials for sloping driveways, as they are fixed, yet provide traction for driving up and downhill. It’s best to avoid materials like gravel, which can easily roll down the slope and collect at the bottom, and smooth surfaces, like concrete.
Ready to improve your driveway? Check out our blog for driveway inspiration and advice on how to choose the right driveway gate, or get in touch with The Expert Gate Company to see how our experts can help.